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# What are the causes of cardiovascular diseases # --- [![](https://cardio-balance-ph.store-best.net/img/6.jpg)](https://cardio-balance-ph.store-best.net) <div style="height:500px;"></div> ## Diseases of the circulatory System-heart rhythm disorders ## Nililinis ang mga ugat na kailangang alagaan mula sa deposito at pinananatili ang kinakailangang lakas ng tibok ng puso! Diseases of the circulatory system: heart rhythm disorders Heart rhythm disturbances, and arrhythmias referred to, constitute an important group of diseases of the cardiovascular system. They are characterized by a deviation from the normal sinus rhythm in which the electrical pulses occur regularly in the sinus node and the coordinates are forwarded through the cardiac conduction system. Pathophysiology The causes of heart rhythm disorders are varied and can occur at different levels of the electrical conduction system. The main pathophysiological mechanisms: Abnormalities of the automatic activity: changes in the spontaneous discharge capacity of the cells, in particular outside of the sinus node. Reentry mechanisms: Repeated through an electrical pulse through a closed circle route, which can lead to tachycardia. Delayed Nachdepolarisationen: Abnormal electrical activities that occur after the normal depolarization and precipitate arrhythmias. Classification Arrhythmias are classified according to their origin and their effect on the heart rate: Bradyarrhythmias (slow heart rate): Sinus node dysfunction AV blocks (grade I, II and III) Tachyarrhythmias (fast heart beat): Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter Paroxysmal supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT) Ventricular Tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation Symptoms and clinical manifestations The clinical symptoms of heart rhythm disorders vary greatly and range from subjective complaints to life-threatening conditions. Typical signs are: Pounding Heart (Palpitations) Dizziness and fainting (syncope) Chest pain Shortness Of Breath (Dyspnea) sudden Circulatory collapse, severe arrhythmias Diagnostics The diagnosis of arrhythmias using different methods: Eleuss electrocardiogram (ECG) shows the electrical activity of the heart to a certain point in time. Long‑term ECG (Holter Monitoring): continuous recording about 24-72 hours for the detection of paroxysmal occurring arrhythmias. Event recorder: for longer monitoring phase, with infrequent symptoms. Eleuss‑ and Stress‑echocardiography: assessment of cardiac structure and function. Eleuss and programmed electrophysiological study (EPU): for the exact localization of the arrhythmia source. Approaches to therapy The therapeutic approach depends on the type and severity of the arrhythmia: Drug therapy: antiarrhythmics (class I–IV according to the Vaughan‑Williams), anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation for thromboembolism prophylaxis. Catheter ablation: purposeful destruction arrhythmogener herd by means of high-frequency energy. Implantation of pacemakers and defibrillators: to regulate the heart rhythm or to treat-threatening ventricular arrhythmias life. Life style modifications: reduction of alcohol, nicotine, caffeine; blood pressure and diabetes control. Forecast and prevention The prognosis of cardiac arrhythmias depends on the underlying heart disease and the timely use of appropriate therapeutic measures. Early diagnosis and individually tailored therapy can reduce the risk of complications such as stroke, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death significantly. Not all cases of high Blood pressure present symptoms of headaches. However, when there is a sudden surge in blood pressure, it can cause a headache. The headache feels like throbbing pain and occurs on both sides of the head. It gets worse with physical activity. (It’s also a sign of a medical emergency). > Ang arteryal na hypertension o hypertension ay isang kondisyon ng patuloy na systolic at diastolic na presyon ng dugo, kung saan ang mga sukatan ay lumalagpas sa 140/90 mmHg. Ang mataas na presyon ay nagpapakita ng mga hindi komportableng sintomas. ![](https://cardio-balance-ph.store-best.net/img/go2.png) <a href="https://md.chaosdorf.de/s/y9khviYf8v">What are the causes of cardiovascular diseases</a> Una sa lahat, ang mga Beta-blocker ay karaniwang ibinibigay sa mga pasyente na may heart failure, aortic aneurysm, pagkatapos ng myocardial infarction, at sa mga kababaihan na nasa edad ng pagbubuntis, lalo na sa mga kababaihang nagpaplano ng pagbubuntis. Madalas matanggap ng katawan ang Beta-blocker, pero maaari rin itong magdulot ng pantal sa balat at bradycardia – sobrang bagal ng tibok ng puso. <a href="https://hedgedoc.auro.re/s/VrgL04YJcZ">What are the causes of cardiovascular diseases</a> What are the causes of cardiovascular diseases? Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide and represent a serious Problem for the health system. Its origin is multifactorial: It biological, behavioral, and environmental factors. Biological Risk Factors Among the non-modifiable biological factors: Genetic predisposition: A familial clustering of diseases such as hypertension or coronary heart disease suggests a genetic component. Age: The risk increases significantly with age, as with the years, changes in the blood vessels (atherosclerosis) and in the heart muscle occur. Sex: men are affected in General, the earlier, and more frequently from coronary heart disease; after Menopause, the risk profiles of women approach the men. Behavioural (modifiable) risk factors These factors can be targeted measures to influence and play a Central role in the prevention of: Unhealthy diet: A high consumption of saturated fatty acids, TRANS-fats, salt and sugar promotes Obesity, increases the level of LDL‑cholesterol levels and promotes the development of type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Lack of exercise: Regular physical activity strengthens the cardiovascular System and lowers the risk for hypertension and Diabetes. Smoking: nicotine and other harmful substances in tobacco smoke to damage the vascular inner layer, accelerate the atherosclerosis and increase the risk of heart attack and stroke. Excessive consumption of alcohol: Chronic alcohol abuse can lead to cardiomyopathy (heart muscle weakness) and high blood pressure. Stress: Chronic psychosocial Stress can lead to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the release of stress hormones, increased blood pressure and heart rate. Environmental and socio-economic factors The environment and social conditions play a role: Air pollution: particulate matter (PM₂.₅ ) Can trigger systemic inflammation and the risk for cardiovascular events increase. Socioeconomic Status: people with lower incomes and levels of education often have less access to preventive health services and have a higher prevalence of risk behavior. Pathophysiological Mechanisms The most common bases of cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis calcification and hardening of the arterial wall. Here, lipids (especially LDL cholesterol), store the cells and calcium inflammatory in the vascular wall. This leads to: Narrowing of the blood vessels (stenosis), The formation of thrombi (blood clots), Reduction of the vascular elasticity and thus to increased blood pressure. In the long term, this can lead to coronary heart disease (due to narrowing of the heart arteries), heart attack, stroke, or heart failure. Summary The causes of cardiovascular disease are diverse and interact with each other. While biological factors such as age and genetics are not influenced, provide behavior-related risk factors in a large potential for prevention. Healthy living — balanced diet, regular exercise, not Smoking and moderate use of alcohol can reduce the individual risk is significant and the quality of life, as well as expectations increase. Would you like me to make a certain section in more detail, or other aspects of complementary? ## Hypertension Headache ## Hypertension as a possible cause of headache disorders: Pathophysiological correlations and clinical implications Hypertension, also known as arterial hypertension, or high blood pressure is referred to, constitute a worldwide health problem and is considered an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A frequent, but not always immediately recognizable symptoms associated with hypertension are headaches. Pathophysiology of headache and hypertension A headache in the context of hypertension can be triggered by a number of pathophysiological mechanisms. A Central aspect is the walls of the increased tension in the vessel due to the increased blood pressure. In the case of a systolic blood pressure over 180 mmHg and/or diastolic 110 mmHg (so-called hypertensive crisis) may cause vasodilation of the cerebral vessels. This Dilatation is irritating to the pain-sensitive structures in the Skull, especially the meningeal vessels and the resulting mechanical irritation that leads to headache. Furthermore, the Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow plays an important role. In chronic hypertension, the cerebrovascular System adapts to the high pressure. Sudden fluctuations in blood pressure, in particular, increases, however, can overwhelm the auto-regulatory mechanisms, which may lead to an above-average bleeding or local ischemia and also trigger headache. Clinical Appearance The headache and hypertension are typical characteristics: Localization: often bilaterally, in the back of the head (occipital), or in the forehead region. Character: vibrant or dull-pressing. Time of occurrence: often in the morning after getting Up, when the blood pressure rises naturally. Complaints may be accompanied by Nausea, vision problems, or dizziness, especially in the case of severe blood pressure increases. However, it is important to note that not every Patient with hypertension developed a headache. Many people have over the years increased blood pressure, without feeling any of these symptoms. Therefore, hypertension is considered to be the Silent killer (silent killer). Diagnostic Approach In the case of a patient with headache should always be a blood pressure measurement is performed. The diagnosis of a hypertensive cause of the headache required: blood again repeated pressure measurements (on an ambulatory basis or daily self-measurements), Exclusion of other possible causes of headache (such as migraine, tension headache, space occupying lesions in the brain), if necessary, additional investigations such as laboratory parameters (serum electrolytes, renal function), ECG and ultrasound of the kidney areas. Therapeutic Strategies The primary measure for the relief of headaches caused by hypertension, the effective reduction in blood pressure. This can be achieved by the following measures: Style changes: reduction of salt intake, weight reduction in Overweight, regular physical activity, avoiding Smoking, and reduction of alcohol consumption life. Pharmacological therapy: the use of antihypertensive medications such as ACE inhibitors, AT1‑receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, beta-blockers or diuretics, depending on the individual patient profile. Adequate blood pressure control often leads to a significant reduction or even complete relief of headache. Conclusion Headaches can be a Symptom of a hypertension, especially if they occur in conjunction with a significant increase in blood pressure. The early detection and treatment of hypertension is of crucial importance in order to alleviate only the headache, but also to prevent long-term cardiovascular complications. 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